ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). WHO declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020 & a pandemic in March 2020. In India Oxford University-Astra Zeneca's Covishield vaccine, manufactured by serum institute of India and Bharath Biotech's Covaxin are being used for vaccination programme. In this study, we assess adverse reactions following Covid-19 vaccination & incidence of COVID-19 disease among vaccinated people across Kerala. Since it was newer vaccine and general population was afraid of side effects. The present study aimed to study the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccination among general population aged above 18 years in Kerala. Method(s): A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals above 18 yrs of age residing in Kerala from July 2021 to December 2021. Pattern of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination (AEFI) were assessed using a semi structured questionnaire. An online questionnaire using Kobo Toolbox was developed and shared via online platform to record the self-reported adverse events following vaccination. A respondent driven sampling method was used. The data was downloaded in MS Excel and analysed using Microsoft excel. Result(s): Study was conducted among 526 people across Kerala, among which both males(45.63%) and females (54.18%). Majority of them received COVISHEID (92.97%) and rest of them received COVAXIN (6.24%) and SPUTNIK (0.57%). Out of which 65.97% received 2 doses and 34.03% received only one dose of vaccine. More than half of them (61.5%) faced side effects during post vaccination period. The symptoms were very mild in which fever (65.74%) and tiredness (76.85%) were the commonest symptoms. Conclusion(s): In the present study, majority of the vaccinated people experienced very mild and self limiting adverse effects, those were very mild & self limiting. It is a fact that COVID-19 vaccines doesn't provided 100% efficiency, but our study indicates that it does provides protection against COVID-19 infection to a great extend & breakthrough infections are very less severe and asymptomatic for vaccinated people.Copyright © 2023, Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Technology has changed the face of almost every sphere of life including the healthcare system which was erstwhile considered a subject of pure clinical evaluation. The onset of the Covid 19 pandemic underscored adaptation to technology as the singular solution to address the banes of the huge number of people afflicted with it globally with limited healthcare workers and resources. The opening of a small healthcare centre in the Al Ras region marked the beginning of healthcare in Dubai. The healthcare system of the UAE has grown exponentially over the years, and it now offers a variety of specialized services that sets it apart from the others. The UAE healthcare industry is increasingly improving to meet the changing needs of its people as well as the country's goal to become a regional medical tourism hub. The government is implementing several long-term projects to achieve balanced growth and to incorporate sustainable growth in the industry while meeting the immediate needs of the population. Comprehensive health-care reforms have been enacted over the last ten years. This paper examines the development and results of Health-Care reforms in the UAE using primary data collected by conducting a survey in a prominent health organization in the UAE. The main aim of the survey was to study the impact of digitalization on the healthcare sector in the UAE. The case in point was the influence of digitalized measures including Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in handling the Covid-19 situation from the point of view of the healthcare sector employees. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 represents the latest pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause a largely viral mediated immune-related syndrome similar to the SARS epidemic. Following metagenomic sequencing, SARS-CoV-2 closely resembles SARS-CoV (79% similarity) and MERS-CoV virus (50% similarity). Despite this, clinical observations have found varying degrees of infectivity and pathogenesis amongst these viruses. Phylogenetic origins of SARS-CoV-2 have found connections to bats and pangolins as possible zoonotic reservoirs. It enters the host cells via the receptor binding site of the ACE-2 receptor. Upon entering the host cells, cytopathic effects and interruption of respiratory cilia occur with a resultant cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Common clinical features of COVID-19 include fever, cough and fatigue. COVID-19 infected patients also present with various gastrointestinal, gustatory, dermatologic, ocular, cardiovascular, neurologic and coagulopathic manifestations. Dyspnea, sore throat, nasal congestion, musculoskeletal pain, headaches and chills were also observed. Emerging data supports that COVID 19 has disproportionately affected specific ethnic groups, particularly racial minorities for various health and institutional reasons. It is estimated around 5% of all cases are severe, presenting with respiratory failure, shock, acute respiratory syndrome and arrhythmias. Co-infection with other pathogens was also seen with various other viruses such as rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and other coronaviruses. COVID-19 is able to spread asymptomatically and causes slightly different manifestations in pregnant ladies and the pediatric populations. ARDS in COVID-19 patients is suspected to be a unique clinical entity as lung function testing found high driving pressures with abnormally low lung compliance and low lung recruitability. This requires a unique approach to ventilating COVID-19 ARDS patients. In conclusion, new emerging data will require healthcare professionals to adapt and more studies are required to overcome this critical pandemic.